TheDexterians

 Glossary

 

 

Acute leukemia - A rapidly progressive form of leukemia.

 

Anemia - A disorder of the red blood cells in the blood, commonly caused by a lack of iron.

 

Antibodies - A protein produced by the immune system when it detects harmful substances.

 

Antigens - Substance that causes the immune system to produce antibodies aginst it.

 

Blood - Living tissue composed of blood cells suspended in plasma.

Blood clot - A process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured.

 

Blood vessel - Intricate networks of tubes that transport blood throughout the whole body.

Bone marrow - Tissue in the bones where blood cells are produced.

 

Blood transfusions - A safe, common procedure in which you receive blood through an IV. 

 

CBC test -  A test that provides the total number of cells, platelet count, hemoglobin, and average red blood cell size.

 

Chronic leukemia - A very slow reproduction form of leukemia.

 

Clotting factors - Substances in the plasma that are related to the clotting proccess. This includes fibrinogen, thromboplastin and calcium ion.

Codominant - Two alleles relating to each other in a heterozygote. 
 

Dominant - Most important, powerful, or influential. 

 

Erythocrytes - A medical term referring to red blood cells.

 

Erythropoietin - A horomone released by the kidney that gives the stem cells responsible for blood cell production a       stimulus that has them create more blood cells.

 

Fibrinogigen test - A test that tells you the amount of fibrinogen in the blood. Fibrinogen is a protein made in the liver to help stop bleeding by helping blood clots to form.

 

Genotype - Genetic makeup of a cell, organism, or an individual. 

 

Glucose - A type of sugar in the human metabolism.

 

Glucose test - A test that measures the amount of sugar, or glucose, in the blood.

 

Hematocrit test - A blood test that measures the amount of red blood cells in comparison to all of the blood.

 

Hemoglobin -  A protein that transports oxygen throughout the blood. It also gives the red blood cells its color.

 

Hemoglobin A -  The most common type that is found in adults. 

 

Hemoglobin A2 - The type A2 hemoglobin is found in adults, but only in small amounts.

 

Hemoglobin F - Fetal hemoglobin found in fetuses and babies.

 

Hemoglobin electrophoresis test -  A blood test that checks the different types of hemoglobin in the blood.

 

Hemophilia - Rare bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot normally. 

Hodgkin lymphoma - A cancer of lymph tissue. 

 

Sickle Cell Disease - Cells that are normally shaped like a disc take on a more crescent shape. 

 

Hemochromatosis - Too much iron in the body. 

 

Homeostasis - Variables are regulated to keep the body healthy and functioning. 

 

Immunoglobin - Amount of antibodies in your blood. 

 

Leukemia - Cancer of the bone marrow or blood, begins in the white blood cells.

Leukocytes - Medical term for a white blood cell.
 

Lipid profile test - A test that tells you about the lipids present in the body such as cholesterol and triglycerides.

 

Lymphoma - When the white blood cells form infection or disease in the lymph nodes. 

 

Lymphnodes - Cancer of the lymph system. 

 

Lymphocytes - Any of 3 types of white blood cells in a vertebrate's immune system.

 

Megakaryocytes - The large bone marrow cells located in the bone marrow responsible for the production of thrombocytes.

Mutation - A change in DNA.

 

Mylemoma - Cancer that starts in the plasma cells in bone marrow. 

 

Non-hodgkin lymphoma - Cancer of the lymph tissue. 

 

Pedigrees - Family tree

 

pH - Potential of Hydrogen

 

Platelets - Cells that circulate in our blood that bind together when they recognize damaged blood vessels.

 

Plasma - The liquid portion of the blood.

 

Plasma cells - White blood cells that secrete large volumes of antibodies.

 

Pluripotential Hematopoietic Stem Cells - The stem cells that are used to create both red and white blood cells. 

 

Phenotype - Composite of an organisms observable charateristics.

 

Thrombocyte - The medical term for platelets 

 

Thrombopoietin - The hormone responsible for beginning the production of platelets.

 

Type A - Has only the A antigen on red blood cells. 

 

Type B - Has only the B antigens on red blood cells. 

 

Type AB - Has both antigens on red blood cells. 

 

Type O - Has neither antigens on red blood cells.

 

Red Blood Cells - Cells that contain hemoglobin that carry oxygen to the tissues in the body.

 

White Blood Cells - Cells that fight infection.