TheDexterians

Disorders

 

 

Anemia is a condition in which the blood has an abnormal amount of red blood cells or hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein in the cells that transports oxygen to the cells in the body. Anemia is caused by the body not making enough red blood cells, the body destroying red blood cells or bleeding that leads to the loss of red blood cells more quickly than they can be replaced. Some symptoms of anemia include fatigue, pale skin, shortness of breath, and a headache. To help prevent anemia, have iron, folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin C. Some iron-rich foods are: beans, dark green vegetables, dried fruit and beef. Some examples of folate are citrus fruits, bananas, cereals and pastas. Vitamin B-12 is found in meat and dairy products. Vitamin C helps iron absorption. Foods that contain vitamin C are mainly citrus fruits, melons, and berries.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hemophilia is a rare genetic disorder where blood clots abnormally. Hemophilia is most common in males. Usually when people get a cut, the body protects itself by clotting. The platelets plug up the hole when bleeding. Platelets are small cells that help the blood clot to stop bleeding. When platelets "plug" the hole, the platelets release chemicals that end up activating proteins called clotting factors. The proteins then mix with platelets to form fibers and the fibers help strengthen the clot to stop bleeding. Since hemophilia is a lifelong condition, some steps to avoid excessive bleeding and to protect joints are to excercise daily, avoid medications that can irritate bleeding like aspirin and ibuprofen. As well as having good dental hygeine, and using protective gear during activities like kneepads, helmets, and safety belts.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Leukemia is the cancer of the bone marrow or the blood. The bone marrow is where cells are made. Leukemia begins in the white blood cells. Leukemia's cause is still not completely known but scientists believe that leukemia occurs by mutations in the DNA. An abnormality will cause a cell to grow and divide rapidly, creating more more abnormal cells and killing normal cells. The types of leukemia are classified by it's gradualism in the body and the type of cells that are present. The types of leukemia classified by the gradualism are acute leukemia and chronic leukemia. The main difference is that in acute leukemia, the cells multiply very rapidly and in chronic leukemia, the cells multiply over time. The types of leukemia that are classified by the type of cell are lymphocytic leukemia and myelogenous leukemia. Lymphotcytic leukemia affects the lymphocytes which make up the lymphatic tissue, which makes up the immune system. Myelogenous leukemia affects the myeloid cells.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lymphoma is a type of cancer that starts with the cells in the immune system called lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are white blood cells that move through the body in a fluid called lymph. Lymphoma starts when lymphocytes are growing uncontrollably. There are two types of lymphoma. The first is hodgkin lymphoma, which is very rare, and the second is non-hodgkin lymphoma. Hodgkin lymphoma is detected if there is the presence of a cell called the Reed-Sternberg cell. If the cell is not there, the lymphoma is diagnosed as non-hodgkin lymphoma. Symptoms of hodgkins disease is an enlarged lymph node, fever, night sweats, itchy skin, weight loss, and swelling of lymph nodes in the neck and armpits. Non-Hodgkin lymphona starts when a certain type of white blood cell, T or B cell, becomes unusual. The cell reproduces and continues to make more unusual cells. They start to spread to the rest of the body. Symptoms are similiar to Hodgkin lymphoma except for additional symptoms such as soaking night sweats and swelling or "fullness" in the abdomen.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mylemoma is a condition where the plasma cell reproduces at an unusual rate. The function of plasma cells are to create antibodies that will help the white blood cells fight infections. When there's an excessive amount of plasma cells, the cells give off unhealthy amounts of the protein called immunoglobulin to the blood, resulting in organ damage. Scientists are still researching the causes of this disease, although certain factors can increase the chance of a person getting myelmoa. These factors include: being over the age of 64, being male, African-American or having family history. Symptoms of myeloma are bone pain, weakness, fatigue, weight loss, excessive thirst, confusion, kidney problems and infections. Even though this is uncommon, in some cases a visible purple lump forms under the skin.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hemochromatosis  is a condition where the body absorbs excess iron from the food consumed. The iron is then stored in the organs, including the heart, liver and pancreas. It can result in poisoning of these organs and lead to fatal conditions like cancer. This is an inherited disease that is most common in caucasians. It's more common in men. Common symptoms include diabetes, joint pain, heart problems and chronic fatigue.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ACTIVITY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References:

 

American Society of Hematology. (n.d.).Blood Disorders. Retrieved April 11, 2014, from http://www.hematology.org/Patients/Blood-Disorders.aspx

 

Anemia: MedlinePlus. (n.d.). U.S National Library of Medicine. Retrieved April 9, 2014, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/anemia.html

 

Hemoglobin: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. (n.d.). U.S National Library of Medicine. Retrieved April 9, 2014, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003645.htmLeukemia. (2014, January 1).

 

KidsHealth - the Web's most visited site about children's health. Retrieved April 11, 2014, from http://kidshealth.org/parent/medical/cancer/cancer_leukemia.html

 

What Is Hemophilia?. (n.d.). - NHLBI, NIH. Retrieved April 8, 2014, from https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hemophilia/

 

Multiple Myeloma: Symptoms, Treatment, Prognosis/Survival Rates, and More. (n.d.). WebMD. Retrieved April 16, 2014, from http://www.webmd.com/cancer/multiple-myeloma-symptoms-causes-treatment

 

Diseases and Conditions. (n.d.). Hodgkin's vs. non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: What's the difference?. Retrieved April 17, 2014, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hodgkins-lymphoma/expert-answers/lymphoma/faq-20058546

 

Lymphoma: MedlinePlus. (n.d.). U.S National Library of Medicine. Retrieved April 17, 2014, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/lymphoma.html

 

Hemochromatosis. (n.d.). Definition. Retrieved April 16, 2014, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hemochromatosis/basics/definition/con-20023606